86 96
cessation
obtained
for
all
previous
smokers,
the
median
duration
of
smoking
cessation was
16
yr
(mean 18.8
yr).
In
univariate analysis there was a trend
for association between
cigarette
smoking
and
increased
cumulative
incidence
of
death due
to UBC, death
from other cancers, and death
from
other causes, but none
reached
significance
(Supplementary
Fig. 1A).
3.5.
Occupational
carcinogen
exposure
We
observed
that
27%
of
patients
had worked
in
occupa-
tions
linked
to
UBC, with
higher
exposure
in males
(31%)
than
females
(14%;
p
<
0.0001,
Table 3).
There was
a
trend
for
association
between
occupational
exposure
and
in-
creased cumulative
incidence of death due to UBC and death
(A)
(B)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Bladder cancer
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Other cancer
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Other causes
Cumulative incidence
Time since treatment (yr)
Solid lines, males; dashed lines, females
T2–T4
pT1
pTa
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Bladder cancer
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Other cancer
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Other causes
Cumulative incidence
Time since treatment (yr)
Solid lines, males; dashed lines, females
Well
differentiated
Moderate
differentiation
Poor differentiation
and anaplastic
Fig.
2
–
Cumulative
incidence
of
death
due
to
bladder
cancer,
other
cancer
and
other
causes
by
gender
and
(A)
tumour
stage
and
(B)
tumour
grade.
E U R O P E A N
U R O L O G Y
F O C U S
1
( 2 0 1 5
)
8 2 – 8 9
86