Author
contributions:
Eiji
Kikuchi
had
full
access
to
all
the
data
in
the
study
and
takes
responsibility
for
the
integrity
of
the
data
and
the
accuracy
of
the
data
analysis.
Study
concept
and
design:
Tanaka,
Kikuchi, Oya.
Acquisition
of
data:
Tanaka, Matsumoto,
Shirotake,
Kobayashi,
Kaneko,
Hagiwara, Hayakawa.
Analysis
and
interpretation
of
data:
Tanaka,
Kanao.
Drafting
of
the manuscript:
Tanaka,
Kikuchi.
Critical
revision of the manuscript
for
important
intellectual content:
Tanaka,
Kikuchi,
Kanao,
Matsumoto,
Shirotake,
Miyazaki,
Kobayashi,
Kaneko,
Hagiwara,
Ide,
Obata,
Hoshino,
Hayakawa,
Kosaka,
Hara,
Nakagawa,
Jinzaki, Oya.
Statistical
analysis:
Tanaka,
Kanao.
Obtaining
funding:
None.
Administrative,
technical,
or material
support:
None.
Supervision:
Tanaka,
Kikuchi, Oya.
Other
(specify): None.
Financial
disclosures:
Eiji
Kikuchi
certifies
that
all
conflicts
of
interest,
including
specific
financial
interests
and
relationships
and
affiliations
relevant
to
the
subject matter
or materials discussed
in
the manuscript
(eg, employment/ affiliation, grants or
funding, consultancies, honoraria,
stock ownership or options, expert
testimony,
royalties, or patents filed,
received,
or
pending),
are
the
following: None.
Funding/Support
and
role
of
the
sponsor:
This work was
supported
in
part
by
Grants-in-Aid
for
Scientific
Research
(no.
24791671
and
no.
26462429
to
N.T.)
from
the
Ministry
of
Education,
Culture,
Sports,
Science,
and
Technology
of
Japan.
Acknowledgment statement:
Members of
the Keio Collaboration Study of
Urothelial Carcinoma participated
in
this study: Keishiro Fukumoto, Keio
University
School
of Medicine,
Tokyo,
Japan;
So
Nakamura,
Saiseikai
Central Hospital,
Tokyo,
Japan;
Takeshi Masuda,
Saitama
City Hospital,
Saitama,
Japan;
Shintaro
Hasegawa,
National
Hospital
Organization
Tochigi Hospital, Tochigi,
Japan; Yosuke Nakajima,
Saiseikai Yokohama-
shi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama,
Japan;
Tetsuo Momma, National Hospital
Organization
Saitama
Hospital, Wako,
Japan;
Atsushi
Uchida,
Kyosai
Tachikawa
Hospital,
Tokyo,
Japan;
Kazuhiko
Nagakura,
Musashino
Yowakai
Hospital,
Tokyo,
Japan; Masakazu
Ohashi,
Ogikubo
Hospital,
Tokyo;
Shoji
Matsuzaki,
Inagi
Municipal
Hospital,
Tokyo,
Japan;
and
Kazutoyo Miyata,
Irumagawa Hospital,
Saitama,
Japan.
Appendix A.
Supplementary
data
Supplementary
data
associated with
this
article
can
be
found,
in
the
online
version,
at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.euf.2015.02.001.
References
[1]
Roupret M, Babjuk M, Comperat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol 2013;63: 1059–71.
[2]
Xylinas E, Rink M, Cha EK, et al. Impact of distal ureter management on oncologic outcomes following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol 2014;65:210–7.[3]
Yates DR, Hupertan V, Colin P, et al. Cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial car- cinoma: proposal and multi-institutional validation of a post- operative nomogram. Br J Cancer 2012;106:1083–8.[4]
Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Kanao K, et al. Metastatic behavior of upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy: association with primary tumor location. Ann Surg Oncol 2014;21:1038–45.[5]
Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Lotan Y, et al. Blood- and tissue-based biomark- ers for prediction of outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2014;32:230–42.[6]
Lughezzani G, Burger M, Margulis V, et al. Prognostic factors in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas: a comprehensive review of the current literature. Eur Urol 2012;62:100–14.[7]
Dalpiaz O, Ehrlich GC, Mannweiler S, et al. Validation of pretreat- ment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in a Euro- pean cohort of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int 2014;114:334–9.[8]
Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Kanao K, et al. A multi-institutional validation of the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephro- ureterectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014;21:4041–8.[9]
Luo HL, Chen YT, Chuang YC, et al. Subclassification of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) improves prediction of oncological outcome. BJU Int 2014; 113:E144–9.
[10]
Pichler M, Dalpiaz O, Ehrlich GC, et al. Validation of the preoperative plasma fibrinogen level as a prognostic factor in a European cohort of patients with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol 2014;191:920–5.
[11]
Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Matsumoto K, et al. Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int 2013;111:857–64.[12]
Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Shirotake S, et al. The predictive value of C-reactive protein for prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional study. Eur Urol 2014;65:227–34.[13]
Tredan O, Galmarini CM, Patel K, Tannock IF. Drug resistance and the solid tumor microenvironment. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1441–54.
[14]
Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011;17:1359–70.
[15]
Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:309–22.
[16]
Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Inflammasomes in carcinogenesis and anticancer immune responses. Nat Immunol 2012;13:343–51.
[17]
Seebacher V, Polterauer S, Grimm C, et al. The prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with endometrial cancer: a multi-centre trial. Br J Cancer 2010;102:952–6.[18]
Rink M, Fajkovic H, Cha EK, et al. Death certificates are valid for the determination of cause of death in patients with upper and lower tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol 2012;61:854–5.
[19]
Harrell Jr FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequa- cy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med 1996;15:361–87.
[20]
Karam JA, Lotan Y, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Use of combined apoptosis biomarkers for prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mor- tality after radical cystectomy. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:128–36.[21]
Escudier B, Eisen T, Porta C, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2012;23(Suppl 7):vii65–71.
[22]
Shariat SF, Tokunaga H, Zhou J, et al. p53, p21, pRB, and p16 expression predict clinical outcome in cystectomy with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1014–24.[23]
Shariat SF, Chromecki TF, Cha EK, et al. Risk stratification of organ confined bladder cancer after radical cystectomy using cell cycle related biomarkers. J Urol 2012;187:457–62.
[24]
Lotan Y, Bagrodia A, Passoni N, et al. Prospective evaluation of a molecular marker panel for prediction of recurrence and cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 2013; 64:465–71.
E U R O P E A N
U R O L O G Y
F O C U S
1
( 2 0 1 5
)
5 4 – 6 3
62




