22 96
Table 2 – Selected studies reporting associations of smoking and outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with transurethral resection of the bladder
Outcomes
Study and patient characteristics
Disease recurrence
Disease progression
Cancer-specific
mortality
Any-cause mortality
Study
Years Sample
size
(
n
)
Mean or
median
age
(years)
Pathological
stage
(%)
Pathological
grade
(%)
Additional
intervention
(%)
Mean or
median
follow-up
(months)
Smoking
status
Smoking
exposure
Smoking
status
Smoking
exposure
Smoking
status
Smoking
exposure
Smoking
status
Smoking
exposure
Allard et al. (1995)
1990-1992 368 65.1 Ta 78.8;
T1 21.2
G1 34.2;
G2 53.8;
G3 12.0
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 17.4;
Chemo 2.2
23.7 HR=1.28
(0.82-1.98);
*HR=1.45
(0.94-2.24)
y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cheng et al. (1999)
1987-1992 83 72
T1 100
LG 33.7;
HG 66.3
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 13.3;
Chemo 19.3;
Radiation 1.2
64.8 -
-
p
=0.22
z
-
-
-
-
-
Fleshner et al. (1999)
1985-1995 286 61.2 Ta 52.4;
Tis 16.8;
T1 30.8
G1 33.6;
G2 31.1;
G3 35.3
Re-TUR 100;
BCG 22.7;
Chemo NR
57.3 HR=0.99,
p
=0.89;
§HR=1.40,
p
=0.03
k-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chen et al. (2007)
1997-2005 265 67
Ta 62.4;
T1 37.6
LG 72.5;
HG 27.5
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 18.9;
Chemo 57.7
38
HR=2.2,
p
=0.03
;HR=1.4,
p
=0.35;
**HR=2.2,
p
=0.01
yy
HR=1.01,
p
=0.98;
zz
HR=1.5,
p
=0.27;
§§HR=2.1,
p
=0.02
kkp
=0.43;
kp
=0.29;
y
p
=0.02
yy
-
-
-
-
-
Gee et al. (2009)
1991-2003 43 67
NR
NR
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 100;
Chemo NR
NR HR=3.20,
p
=0.05;
HR=0.27,
p
=0.03
k-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Gangawar et al. (2010) 2006-2008 135 57.1 NR
G1 50.4;
G2/G3 49.6
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 54.8;
Chemo 0.0
14
HR=1.86,
p
=0.02
-
HR=1.96,
p
=0.39
-
-
-
-
-
Hwang et al. (2011)
2000-2010 251 67
Ta 63.7;
T1 36.3
PUNLMP 5.6;
LG 62.5;
HG 31.9
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 50.1;
Chemo 14.3
34
HR=1.63,
p
=0.02
-
p
=0.21
-
-
-
-
-
Lammers et al. (2011)
1998-2004 718 66.5 Ta 78.7;
T1 21.3
G1 42.1;
G2 47.0;
G3 10.9;
Re-TUR NR;
BCG NR;
Chemo 100
30
HR=1.47,
p
=0.048
p
=0.30;
***p
=0.25;
yyy
p
=0.06
zzz
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sfakianos et al. (2011)
1994-2008 623 76
Ta 35.2;
Tis 30.3;
T1 34.5
LG 9.6;
HG 90.4
Re-TUR 100;
BCG 100;
Chemo NR
80.9 HR=1.05,
p
=0.68;
HR=1.05,
p
=0.65;
*HR=1.04,
p
=0.81
y
-
HR=1.02,
p
=0.93;
HR=1.00,
p
=0.99;
*HR=1.16,
p
=0.61
y
-
HR=1.14,
p
=0.49;
HR=1.20,
p
=0.34;
*HR=1.03,
p
=0.91
y
-
HR=1.15,
p
=0.61;
HR=1.14,
p
=0.63;
*HR=1.27,
p
=0.49
y
-
Ajili et al. (2012)
2000-2007 112 63.9 Ta 60.7;
T1 39.3
G1 39.3;
G2 43.8;
G3 17.0
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 100;
Chemo NR
NR HR=0.49,
p
=0.06
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Rink et al. (2012)
1987-2007 390 67
Ta 67.9;
Tis 1.5;
T1 30.5
G1 36.9;
G2 28.7;
G3 34.4
Re-TUR NR;
BCG 15.4;
Chemo 3.3
66
p
=0.5;
*p
=0.4;
y
p
=0.7
kp
=0.02
;
§§§p
<0.001
;
kkk
HR=2.08,
p
=0.006
;
HR=4.31,
p
<0.001
****
p
=0.7;
*p
=0.2;
y
p
=0.2
kp
<0.001
;
§§§p
<0.001
;
kkkp
=0.003
yyyy
-
-
p
>
0.05
*p
>
0.05;
k-
E U R O P E A N
U R O L O G Y
F O C U S
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